Contoh Surat Kuasa

SURAT KUASA KHUSUS

Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini :

Nama        : DEDY SYAHPUTRA

Jabatan      : KEPALA CABANG

Alamat       : Jl.Bambu II No.80 A-B

Untuk selanjutnya disebut “Pemberi Kuasa Substitusi” dengan ini memberikan kuasa substitusi kepada :

Nama         : FERIYANDI

Jabatan       : LOAN ORIGINATION OFFICER

No. ID       : F.26.13.0037

Keduanya beralamat di Jl.Lingkar Luar Barat Kav. 35-36, Jakarta Barat 11740 (untuk selanjutnya secara bersama-sama maupun sendiri-sendiri disebut sebagai “Penerima Kuasa Substitusi”), untuk bertindak

------------------------------------------------KHUSUS--------------------------------------------------

-Mewakili dan bertindak untuk dan atas nama Pemberi Kuasa Substitusi untuk menarik dan atau mengambil serta menyerahkan kepada PT.HD FINANCE kantor cabang Medan – HDF atas 1 (satu) unit kendaraan bermotor roda dua 2 (DUA) yang pembelinya dibiayai oleh Pemberi Kuasa Substitusi dengan pembelian secara angsuran melalui fasilitas pembiayaan konsumen berdasarkan

“perjanjian Pembiayaan Dengan penyerahan Hak Milik Secara Fidusia PT. HD. FINANCE” No. 61000000197913 tanggal 08/7/2013 yang ditandatangani oleh dan antara Pemberi Kuasa Subtitusi dengan RYANANDA FAUZY dengan data-data sebagai berikut :

Merk              : HONDA No. Rangka : MH1JFD112DK042840 

Tipe / Jenis      : HONDA BEAT 2013 No. Mesin : JFDIE1043246

Warna             : HITAM No. Polisi : BK 5233 AEA

Thn Pembuatan : 2013

(untuk selanjutnya disebut “Kendaraan”

Sehubungan hal tersebut di atas Penerima Kuasa Subtitusi diberi wewenang untuk :

1. Memasuki halaman dan atau ruangan tempat tinggal dan atau kantor dan atau di tempat lain di mana kendaraan tersebut berada guna menarik dan atau mengambil kendaraan tersebut dan apabila diperlukan dengan bantuan Kepolisian RI atau pihak yang berwenang lainnya; dan 
2. Menghadap siapa saja yang dianggap perlu dan berguna serta melakukan segala tindakan yang diperlukan demi tercapainya maksud tersebut diatas tanpa ada satu tindakapnpun yang dikecualikan.
3. Membuat berita acara serah terima kendaraan segera seteah menerima kendaraan dari konsumen / nasabah untuk selanjutnya kendaraan diserahkan kepada PT. HD FINANCE.

Demikian Surat Kuasa Subtitusi ini diberikan untuk jangka waktu 2 (dua) minggu sejak tanggal ditandatanganinya Surat Kuasa Subtitusi ini untuk dipergunakan sebagaimana dan tidak dapat disubtitusikan lagi. 

Medan – HDF, 2013

Penerima Kuasa Subtutisi Pemberi Kuasa Subtitusi 

FERIYANDI DEDY SYAHPUTRA

Contoh Surat Kuasa yang lain adalah :

SURAT  KUASA

Yang bertanda- tangan di bawah ini

Nama                              : Taisah Hutabarat

Tempat / Tgk / Lahir        : Taput. 23-07-1945

Jenis Klamin                    : Permpuan

Pekerjaan                        :  Ibu rumah tangga

Alamat                             : Jln. Pintu Air . 6. Hiras No. 18 Kel . Sitirejo-1 Kec. Medan Kota

No. Rek                          : 0367-01-026254-50-2

Cab                                 : 0367 Medan Sisingamangaraja

Memberikan kuasa / mengatas namakan pemberi kuasa kepada :

Nik                                : 1271016307450001

Nama                             : Roy Hutahaean

Tempat / Tgl / Lahir        : Medan . 16 Juni 1970

Jenis Klamin                   : Pria

Pekerjaan                       : Wiraswasta

Alamat                           :  Jln. Pintu Air . 6. Hiras No. 2  Kel. Siti rejo – 1

Untuk mengambil / menarik / menguasai uang yang berada pada tabungan di BRI BRITAMA sebesar Rp 500.000 ( Lima ratus ribu)

Demikian surat ini di buat agar dapat dopergunakan sebagaimana mestinya  & dapat di pertanggungjawabkan di hadapan Hukum yang berlaku

     Yang  menerima kuasa                                         Medan 13 Desember 2013

   Yang memberi kuasa 

                 ROY HUTAHEAN                                                TAISAH HUTABARAT

Convention on the Rights of the Child

Approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations

on November 20, 1989

Preamble

The States Parties to the present Convention

Taking into account that according to the principles expressed in the Charter of the United Nations recognition of the inherent dignity and equal rights and an integral part of all members of the human race , is the foundation of freedom , justice and peace in the world.

Given that the nations of the United Nations have expressed once again their belief in the charter of basic rights of human beings , the dignity and respect the human person , and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom broad.

Admitted that the United Nations , the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Human Rights , proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein , without distinction of any kind such as race , color , sex , language , religion, political , or other opinion , national or social origin , property or other status.

Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the United Nations has stated that the children are entitled to parenting and special assistance.

Convinced that the family , as the fundamental group of society and nature 's environment for the growth and well-being of all its members and particularly children , should be given the necessary protection and assistance so that it can fully assume its responsibilities within the community.

Admitted that the child , for the full development of his personality fully and harmoniously , should grow up in a family environment in an atmosphere of happiness , love and understanding.

Considering that the child should be prepared to live an individual life and society , and raised the spirit of the ideals set forth in the Charter of the United Nations , and especially in the spirit of peace, dignity , tolerance , freedom , equality and solidarity.

Given that the need to give special care to the child has been stated in the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1924 and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child which was approved by the General Assembly on 20 November 1959 and recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , in the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights ( especially in chapter 23 and chapter 24 ) , the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( especially article 10 ) and in the statutes and relevant instruments of specialized agencies and international organizations concerned with the welfare of children.

Given that as indicated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child , " the child , by reason of his physical and mental immaturity , needs special safeguards and care , including appropriate legal protection , before as well as after birth " ,

Recalling the provisions of the Declaration on Principles of Social and Legal relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children , with Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption Nationally and Internationally; Standard Minimum Rules of the United Nations , for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ( Beijing Rules ) ; and the Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict ,

Admitted the importance of international cooperation for improving the livelihood of children in every country , especially in developing countries ,

Agreed as follows :

Part I

Article 1

For the purposes of the present Convention , a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child , maturity is attained earlier .

Article 2

1. States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind , regardless of race, color , sex , language , religion , political opinion or other opinion , nationality , ethnic or social origin , property, disability , birth or other status of the child or the child's parent or legal guardian of the child .
2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that children are protected from all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status , activities , expressed opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents , legal guardians, or family members .

Article 3

1. In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by institutions or private social welfare institutions , courts of law , administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration .
2. States Parties undertake to ensure the protection and care of children as needed for well-being , taking into account the rights and duties of parents , legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for him , and for this purpose , should take all legislative and administrative measures are appropriate .
3. States Parties shall ensure that the institutions , services and facilities responsible for the care or protection of children shall conform with the standards established by competent authorities , particularly in the areas of safety , health , in the number of and suitability of staff , and also their oversight authorities.

Article 4

States Parties shall undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative , and other appropriate measures for the implementation of the rights recognized in the present Convention . Regarding the rights of economic, social and cultural , the States Parties shall undertake such measures to the maximum extent possible from the sources they are available and where needed, within the framework of international cooperation .

Article 5

States Parties shall respect the responsibilities , rights and duties of parents or, if applicable, the members of the extended family or community as administered by local custom , legal guardians or other persons legally responsible responsible for the child, to provide, in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child , appropriate direction and guidance in the implementation of the child rights recognized in the present Convention .

Article 6

1 . States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life .

2 . States Parties shall ensure to the maximum possible range of resistance and development of children .

Article 7

1. The Child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name , the right to obtain citizenship , and as far as possible , the right to know and be cared for by their parents .
2. States Parties shall ensure the implementation of these rights in accordance with their national law and their obligations under international instruments relevant in this field , especially if the child would otherwise be stateless .

Article 8

1. States Parties undertake to respect the child's right to maintain its identity , including nationality , name and family relations as recognized by law without unlawful interference .
2. Where a child is illegally deprived of some or all of the elements of her identity, States Parties shall provide appropriate assistance and protection, with a view to speedily re-establishing his identity .

Article 9

1. States Parties shall ensure that a child shall not be separated from his or her parents against their will , except when competent authorities subject to yudicial review determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures, that such separation is necessary in the interests of The best child . Such determination may be necessary in a particular case such as one involving abuse or neglect of children by parents , or cases where the parents are living separately and a decision must be made regarding the child 's residence .
2. In any proceedings in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article , all interested parties must be given the opportunity to participate in the proceedings and make their opinions known .
3. States Parties shall respect the right of the child who is separated from one or both parents to maintain personal relations and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis , unless contrary to the best interests of the child .
4. Where such separation results from any action initiated by a State Party, such as the detention , imprisonment , exile , deportation or death ( including death from any cause as long as the person is in custody country ) one or both parents of the child , the State Party which concerned at the request must provide to the child or , if appropriate, other family members with basic information about the place being a member or family member that stretch of nothing except giving information that would be detrimental to the welfare of the child. States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a request shall of itself entail no adverse consequences for the person ( or people ) are concerned .

Article 10

1. Accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article 9, paragraph 1 , the filing of a request by a child or her parents to enter or leave a State Party for the purpose of family reunification will be dealt with by States Parties in a positive way , humane and smoothly . States Parties shall further ensure that the submission of such a request shall entail no adverse consequences for the applicants and their family members .
2. A child where her parents lived in another country is entitled to hold , on a regular basis except in circumstances exceptional , personal relations and direct contact with both parents . Towards that end and in accordance with the obligation of States Parties under article 9, paragraph 2 , States Parties shall respect the rights of the child and his parents to leave any country , including their own country , and to enter their own country . The right to leave any country shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect national security , public order , health , or morals or the rights and freedoms of others and are consistent with the right - other rights recognized in the present Convention .

Article 11

1. States Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit trafficking of children and non-return of children who are outside the country .
2. For this purpose, States Parties shall promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements .

Article 12

1. States Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his own opinion , the right to express those opinions freely in all matters affecting the child , the views of the child should be given weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child .
2. For this purpose, the child shall in particular be provided the opportunity to be heard in court proceedings and administrative affecting the child , either directly , or through a representative or an appropriate body , in a manner consistent with the procedural rules national law .

Article 13

1. The Son shall have the right to freedom of expression , this right includes freedom to seek , receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds , regardless of frontiers , either orally , in writing or in print, in the form of art , or through any other media options child .
2. Implementation of this right may be subject to certain restrictions , but it will only as prescribed by law and necessary :

( a) For respect of the rights or reputations of others ; or

( b ) For the protection of national security or public order , or of public health or morals .

Article 14

1. States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom of thought , conscience and religion .
2. States Parties shall respect the rights and duties of parents , and when applicable , legal guardians , to provide direction to the child in the exercise of their rights in a manner consistent with the ability of the developing child .
3. Freedom to express one's religion or belief a person , be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety , order, health or morals or the rights or fundamental freedoms of others.

Article 15

1. States Parties recognize the rights of the child to freedom of assemble and freedom of peaceful assembly .
2. No restrictions may be placed on the implementation of these rights , other than those imposed in accordance with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society , in the interests of national security or public safety , public order , the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Article 16

1. No child shall be used as the target of intervention arbitrary or unauthorized access to personal privacy , family , home or correspondence , or of unlawful attacks on his honor and reputation .
2. Children are entitled to the protection of the law against such interference or attack .

Article 17

States Parties recognize the important function performed by the mass media and shall ensure that the child has access to information and material from a diversity of sources of national and international ; primarily aimed at the improvement of social welfare , spiritual and kesusilaannya and physical and mental health . For this purpose, States Parties shall :

( a) Encourage the mass media to disseminate information and material of social and cultural benefit to the child and in accordance with the meaning of article 29 ;

( b ) Encourage international co-operation in the production , exchange and dissemination of information and material from a diversity of cultural , national sources and international ;

( c ) Encourage the production and dissemination of children's books ;

( d ) Encourage the mass media to have particular regard to the linguistic needs of the child who belongs to a minority group or who is indigenous ;

( e ) Encourage the development of appropriate guidelines for the protection of the child from information and material injurious to his welfare in mind the provisions of articles 13 and 18 .

Article 18

1. States Parties shall use their best efforts to ensure recognition of the principle that both parents have common responsibilities for mature jawwab and child development . Parents or , later however , legal guardians , have the primary responsibility for the maturation and development of children . Best interests of the child will be their basic concern .
2. For the purpose of guaranteeing and promoting the rights set forth in the present Convention, States Parties shall render appropriate assistance to parents and legal guardians in the performance of their child-rearing responsibilities and shall ensure the development of institutions , facilities and services for the care of children .
3. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that children of working parents have the right to benefit from services and child care facilities , for which they are eligible .

Article 19

1. States Parties shall take all necessary legislative, administrative , social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence , injury or abuse , neglect or negligent treatment , maltreatment or exploitation , including sexual abuse dive in the care of ( the ) parent , legal guardian or any other person who has the care of the child .
2. These protective measures , as appropriate, should include effective procedures for the preparation of social programs to provide necessary support for those who have the care of children , and also for other forms of prevention and for identification , reporting , referral, investigation , treatment and follow-up events  child abuse described before, and , as appropriate , for judicial involvement .

Article 20

1. A child temporarily or remain deprived of his family environment , or which is best for its own sake is not allowed to remain in that environment , shall be entitled to special protection and assistance provided by the State .
2. States Parties in accordance with their national laws ensure alternative care for such a child .
3. Such care could include , inter alia , the placement of the child's parents , kafalah of Islamic law , adoption or if necessary placement in suitable institutions for the care of children . When considering resolutions has , then it should be given proper attention on a continuous desire in a child's education and the ethnic , religious , cultural and linguistic background of the child .

Article 21

States Parties that recognize and / or permit the system of adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall :

( a) Ensure that the adoption of a child is authorized only by competent authorities who determine , in accordance with the laws and procedures applicable and based on all the information that is pertinent and reliable , that the adoption is permissible in view of the child's status concerning parents , relatives relatives and legal guardians and that, if required , the persons concerned have given their consent to the adoption by counseling as may be necessary ;

( b ) Recognize that inter-country adoption may be considered as an alternative means of child care , if the child can not be placed in a foster or an adoptive family or in any suitable manner be cared for in the child's country of origin ;

( c ) Ensure that the child concerned by inter-country adoption and protection standards commensurate with the protection and standards that exist in the case of national adoption ;

( d ) Take all appropriate measures to ensure that , in inter - country adoption , the placement does not result in improper financial gain for those involved in it ;

( e ) Promote, where appropriate , the objectives of this chapter by making arrangements or agreements, bilateral or multilateral , and endeavor, within this framework kerrja , ensure that the placement of the child in another country is carried by parra authorities or organs authorized .

Article 22

1. States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that a child who is seeking refugee status or who is considered a refugee in accordance with the laws and procedures applicable international or domestic , whether unaccompanied or accompanied by his parents or by any other person , receive appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance in the enjoyment of applicable rights set forth in the present Convention and in the instruments of human rights or international humanitarian others , in which the said States are Parties .
2. For this purpose, States Parties shall provide , as they consider appropriate , co-operation in any efforts by the United Nations and intergovernmental organizations other competent organizations or non - governmental , which cooperate with the United Nations to protect and assist such a child and to trace the parents or family members other than a refugee child in order to obtain information necessary for reunification with his family . In cases where no parents or other family members simply can not be found , the child shall be given the same protection as any other child permanently or temporarily deprived of his family environment for any reason , as set forth in this Convention .

Article 23

1. States Parties recognize that a mentally handicapped child or physical disabilities should enjoy a full and decent life , in conditions that ensure dignity, promote self-confidence and facilitate the child's active participation in the community .
2. States Parties recognize the right of the disabled child to special care and shall encourage and ensure the extension, subject to available resources , the provision of the eligible child and those responsible for their care , assistance for which application is filed and the appropriate the state of the child and the circumstances of the parents or others caring for the child .
3. By recognizing the special needs of a disabled child , assistance extended in accordance with paragraph 2 of the present article shall be provided free of charge , whenever possible , taking into account the financial resources of the parents or others who caring for the child , and should be designed to ensure that the disabled child has effective access to and receives education , training , health care services , rehabilitation services , preparation for work and recreation opportunities in a manner conducive to the achievement of the full social integration possible , and the child's individual development , including the development of culture and soul .
4. States Parties shall promote, in the spirit of international cooperation , the exchange of appropriate information in the field of preventive health care and of medical , psychological and functional treatment of disabled children , including dissemination of and access to information concerning methods of rehabilitation , education and vocational services , with the aim of enabling States Parties to improve their capabilities and skills and to widen their experience in these areas . In this regard , particular account shall be taken of the needs of developing countries .

Article 24

1 . States Parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health may be obtained and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health . States Parties shall strive to ensure that no child is deprived of his right to aksers to such health care services .

2 . States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures to :

( a) To diminish infant and child mortality ;

( b ) To ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on primary health care ;

( c ) Fighting disease and malnutrition , including within the framework of primary health care through , inter alia , the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water , taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution ;

( d ) Ensure health care before and after birth is right for mothers ;

( e ) ensure that all segments of society , in particular parents and children, are informed , have access to education and are supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition , the benefits of breastfeeding , hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents ;

( f ) To develop preventive health care , guidance for parents and family planning education and services .

3 . States Parties shall take all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolishing traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children.

4 . States Parties undertake to promote and encourage international cooperation with the aim of achieving the realization of the rights recognized in the present article fully and progressively . In this regard , particular account shall be taken of the needs of developing countries .

Article 25

States Parties recognize the right of a child who has been placed by the competent authorities for the purposes of care , protection or treatment of his physical health or mental health or periodic review of the treatment provided to the child and all other circumstances relevant to its placement .

Article 26

1. States Parties shall recognize for every child the right to benefit from social security , including social insurance and shall take the necessary measures to achieve the full realization of this right in accordance with their national law .
2. The benefits should , where appropriate, be granted , taking into account the sources and circumstances of the child and those responsible for maintaining and caring for the child , as well as any other consideration relevant to an application for benefits made by the child or on behalf of the child .

Article 27

1. States Parties recognize the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the rapidly developing physical , mental , spiritual , moral and social development .
2. Parents or other persons responsible for the child have the primary responsibility to ensure within their abilities and financial capabilities , livelihood necessary for the child's development .
3. States Parties , in accordance with national circumstances and within their means , shall take appropriate measures to assist parents and others responsible for the child to implement this right and shall provide material assistance and support programs , particularly regarding nutrition , clothing and housing .
4. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the reimbursement for the child from the parents or other persons having financial responsibility for the child, not only in the State Party but also abroad . Especially , where the person having financial responsibility for the child lives in a State different from the State of the child , States Parties shall promote the accession to international agreements or the conclusion of such agreements , as well as the manufacture of arrangements another right .

Article 28

1 . States Parties recognize the right of the child to education , and with the aim of achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity , they shall, in particular :

( a) Make primary education compulsory for all children and terbbuka ;

( b ) Encourage the development of forms of secondary education different , including general and vocational education , making education - the education available and accessible to every child , and take appropriate measures such as the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance if needed ;

( c ) Make higher education accessible to all children by ability with every appropriate means ;

( d ) Make educational and vocational information and guidance available and accessible to all children ;

( e ) Take measures to encourage attendance in school and decrease dropout rates .

2 . States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that school discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child's human dignity and in accordance with this Convention .

3 . States Parties shall promote and encourage international cooperation in matters relating to education , especially by contributing to the elimination of ignorance and illiteracy throughout the world and facilitating access to scientific and engineering knowledge and methods of teaching modern . In this regard , special attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries .

Article 29

1 . States Parties agree that the education of the child shall be directed to :

(a ) The development of the child's personality , talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential ;

( b ) The development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations ;

( c ) The development of respect for the child's parents , or her own cultural identity , language and values ​​itself on the national values ​​of the country in which the child is living, the country 's children may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her itself ;

( d ) preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society , in the spirit of understanding, peace , tolerance , equality of sexes , and friendship among all peoples , ethnic, national and religious groups and persons of indigenous origin ;

( e) The development of respect for the natural environment .

2 . No part of this article or article 28 shall be construed so as interfere with the freedom of people and agencies to create and direct educational institutions , subject always to the observance of the principles set forth in paragraph 1 of this Article and the requirements that the education given in such institutions shall meet the minimum standards as may be laid down by the State .

Article 30

In those countries in which ethnic , religious , or linguistic or persons of indigenous origin exist , a child belonging to such a minority or indigenous people can not be denied the right , in community with other members of the group.

Definition of Profession

There has been no agreement on the definition of the profession because there is no standard job / task that how that can be regarded as a profession . Some say that the profession is " one's position even though the profession is not for commercial purposes " . Traditionally there are 4 professions that are already known , namely medicine , law , education , and clergy .

PROFESSIONALISM

Usually understood as a quality that must be possessed by every good executive . The characteristics of professionalism :

1. Have high skills in a field as well as proficiency in using certain equipment necessary in carrying out the duties concerned with the above areas
2. Have knowledge and experience as well as intelligence in analyzing a problem and sensitive reading of the situation in a quick and precise and careful in making the best decisions on the basis of sensitivity
3. Got forward-looking attitude that has the ability to anticipate the development environment that lay before him
4. Have an independent attitude based on the belief in personal ability and open to listen and respect the opinions of others , but punctilious in is best for themselves and their personal development

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS PROFESSION

According to the article in the International Encyclopedia of education , there are 10 characteristic of a profession , namely :

1. An organized work areas of intellectual types continues to grow and expanded
2. An intellectual technique
3. Practical application of intellectual techniques in practical affairs
4. A long period of training and certification
5. Some of the ethical standards and statements that can be held
6. The ability for leadership in the profession itself
7. Association of members of the profession who became a close-knit group with a high communication quality among its members
8. Recognition as a profession
9. Professional attention to the responsible use of the work profession
10. Strong relationships with other professions

PURPOSE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS CODE

The general principles are formulated in a profession will be different from one another . This is due to differences in customs , habits , culture , and the role of experts who defined the profession of a country is not the same . As for the principal purposes of the formula set forth in the ethical code of conduct ( code of conduct ) profession is :

1. Ethical standards describes and establishes responsibilities to clients , institutions , and society at large
2. Ethical standards for the profession expert help in determining what they should do when they face ethical dilemmas on the job
3. Ethical standards for the profession keep letting the reputation or the name and functions of the profession in society against evil behavior - behavior of certain members
4. Ethical standards reflect / imagined expectations morals of the community , thus ethical standards ensure that the members of the profession will obey the Law book of ethics ( code of ethics ) in the service professions
5. Ethical standards are the basis for maintaining the behavior and integrity or honesty of professional experts
6. Please note that the code of ethics is not the same as the law ( or laws ) . An expert professionals who violate the code of ethics will receive sanctions or fines from the parent organization of the profession

Definitions Ethics

DEFINITIONS ETHICS

Which discusses the science of good deeds and bad deeds of human as far as can be understood by the human mind

ETHICS LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To obtain the same concept of the good and bad assessment for all humans in space and time

BETTER UNDERSTANDING

Something to say good things when he brings grace , and gives a feeling of pleasure , or happy ( Something said to be good if he valued positively )

UNDERSTANDING THE BAD

Everything is reprehensible . Bad deeds means acts that are contrary to societal norms applicable

ASSESSMENT HOW GOOD AND BAD

According to the teachings of religion , Indigenous Habits , Happiness , Whisper of the Heart ( intuition ) , evolution , utilitarianism , Got Eudaemonisme , Pragmatism Flow , Flow Positivism , Naturalism Flow , Flow Vitalism , Flow Idealism , Existentialism Flow , Flow Marxism , Communism Flow [ look on the internet about schools or schools are in full ]

Criteria of good or bad deeds which will be described below limited to a range of flow or ideology ever and continues to grow to this day . Special assessment of good and bad deeds according to religion , indigenous customs , and culture will not be discussed here .

Schools of happiness ( hedonism )
" The behavior or actions that gave birth to the happiness and pleasures / delights " . There are three viewpoints of these schools are ( 1 ) the individualistic hedonism / egostik hedonism is considered that if a good decision for his personal well then called , whereas if the decision is not good then that's bad ; ( 2 ) rational hedonism / rationalistic hedonism that argue that individual happiness or delicacy that should be based on consideration of common sense ; and ( 3 ) universalistic hedonism which states that the benchmark whether an act is good or bad is referring to the act of giving birth due to pleasure or happiness to all beings .

Whisper of the Heart ( intuition )

Whisper of the heart is the " inner strength that can identify whether something is good or bad deeds without first seeing the impact that action " . This ideology is the ideology of a refutation of hedonism . The main purpose of this stream is virtue , advantages , privileges can also be interpreted as " moral goodness "

evolution

This understanding found everything that exists in nature is always ( gradually ) change that is evolving toward toward perfection . By adopting the theory of Darwin ( remember the concept of selection of nature , struggle for life , and survival for the fittest ) Alexander reveals that moral values ​​must always compete with other values ​​, even with all that is in the style of a mini , and moral values ​​that endure ( fixed ) is said to be well , and values ​​that do not survive ( inferior to the struggle between values ​​) is seen as bad .

Got Eudaemonisme

This ideology is the basic principle of happiness for yourself and happiness for others . According to Aristotle , this eudaemonia required to achieve 4 things: ( 1 ) health , freedom , independence , wealth and power , ( 2 ) kemauaan , ( 3 ) good deeds , and ( 4 ) inner knowledge .

Pragmatism flow

This flow menititkberatkan on useful things of yourself both morally and materially . That became the emphasis is experience , therefore adherents of this ideology does not recognize the term truth because the truth is abstract and not to be obtained in the empirical world .

Naturalism flow

Which to measure good or bad is : " whether in accordance with the state of nature " , where it was said to be naturally good , while bad if deemed unnatural . Jean Jack Rousseau argued that progress , knowledge and culture is to be the destroyer of the universe .

Vitalism flow

This flow is the flow natiralisme refutation of vitalism because according understand the good and bad to be the size it is not natural but " vitae " or life ( which is very necessary for life ) . The flow consists of two groups: ( 1 ) vitalism pessimistis (negative vitalistis ) and ( 2 ) optimistime vitalism . The first group is famous for the phrase " homo Homini Lupus " means " man is a wolf to man the others " . Meanwhile, according to the second stream " war is lawful " , since the people who fought that ( winning ) that will hold the power . Famous people flow F. Niettsche vitalism is that a lot of influence on Adolf Hitler .

flow Gessingnungsethik

Initiated by Albert Schweitzer , an expert theologian , Music , Medical , philosopher , and Ethics . Most important in this genre is " respect for life " , which as far as possible every creature should help each other and apply good . Size kindness is " pemelihataan life " , and the bad is any attempt that resulted destruction and blocking prevented life .

flow Idealism

Very concerned with the existence of the human mind because the mind of men that became a source of ideas . Famous expression of this genre is " all that exists is simply that there is no " because there was just a picture / manifestation of the mind ( a pale imitation ) . As good as any clone would not be as beautiful as the original ( ie ideas ) . So the bai was just what was in the idea itself .

Existentialism flow

Ethics Existentialism holds that existence over the world have always related to individual decisions , That is , suppose that the individual does not take a decision then surely nothing happens . Individuals will determine terhadao something good , particularly for the benefit of himself . The expression of these streams is " Truth is subjectivity " or the truth lies in the personality then it is called good , and vice versa if the decision was not personal then that's good for the poor .

Marxism flow

Based on the " Dialectical Materialsme " ie everything that is controlled by the state of the material and the material circumstances also must follow the dialectical path . This flow holds the motto "everything is the way it can be justified only as long as the road can be taken to achieve the goal something " . So whatever can be viewed either as long as it can deliver / deliver to the destination

Ethics Law Enforcement Profession

Ethics in the profession as a profession either law enforcement , military , Police and so very needed . Ethics is a limit to the law enforcement agencies , especially the Police for not abusing authority as law enforcement .
Indonesian National Police ( INP ) in the role of law enforcement at the age of 63 years to always continue to strive to give good results . Symptoms of the decline of the legal profession looks of the emergence of the term " judicial mafia " , and people began to feel that it is better to resolve a case as much as possible not to court with the help of the legal profession . What does it mean to say that the profession in decline ( seriouly impaired) ? What size to judge that? The answer is that if the code of professional conduct is not adhered to by the majority of the pengembannya . But , what the professional code of ethics , and why the profession requires a code of ethics ? The answer will depend on our understanding of the profession itself .
http://hukumperdatadanpidana.blogspot.com/

The words of the profession and professionals have often used and has several meanings . In everyday speech , the word profession is defined as work ( fixed ) to earn a living ( Netherlands ; baan ; juicer : job or occupation) , which is legal and which are not . Thus , the profession is defined as any activity to earn a living and equipment are carried out with regard to the way skilled work and the work of high quality with a high get paid . The expertise gained through experience , learning on educational institutions ( higher ) specific , intensive training , or a combination of all of it . In relation to this notion , often distinguished professional understanding and professionalism as opposed to amateurs and amateurism , for example in the world of sports , which are often also linked to the definition of a regular job as opposed to odd jobs .

Profession carrier is a person who has expertise in a particular field berkeilmuan . Because of this , he is able to independently meet the needs of people who require care in a field that requires expertise berkeilmuan it . Bearers profession concerned themselves decide on what to do in carrying out his professional developing of action . He was personally responsible for the quality of services being operated . Therefore , the nature of the relationship between the carrier and the patient or his client's profession is a personal relationship , namely the relationship between the subject of supporting values ​​.

Such a personal relationship that was the horizontal relationship between the two parties formally juridical same status . Nevertheless , the actual substance of the relationship between the carrier and the client 's profession as a socio - psychological imbalance there . In the developing of his profession , a profession carrier owns and runs the professional authority against his client , which rests on the authority of technical competence superior .

The client does not have the technical competence or are not in a position to be able to objectively assess the implementation of the technical competence of the requested bearer service professional profession . Therefore , if a client came to call the carrier or profession to request services or professional services , then the client essentially has no choice but to provide quality care professional and dignified manner . Previous description shows that the relationship between carrier horosontal profession and his clients are also a relationship of trust . This means that the client is requesting professional services , carrier came profession concerned with the full confidence that the bearers of the profession will not abuse the situation , that it is a dignified profession carrier will deploy the knowledge and expertise in running berkeilmuannya professional services .

Because it is a social function that is directly related to the value that determines the degree of realization of basic human dignity , the actual developing of a profession or a professional service that requires public supervision . But in general , are not the bearers of the profession in question , does not have the technical competence to be able to assess and conduct effective oversight of developing of the profession . Including the government bureaucracy is difficult to implement surveillance and social control ( social control ) against professional services effectively . A range of social control by the government bureaucracy with a very limited rule of law , either because of personal characteristics on the relationship between the carrier and the client as well as the profession bearers profession has certain powers and authority to run against his client .

Law Enforcement
That professional ethics are the attitudes of professional services to meet the needs of the client with the involvement and expertise as a service within the framework of society as a whole obligation of members of the public who need to be accompanied careful reflection , based on the sense of the presence of the principal rules of professional ethics as follows :
Profession must be seen ( and lived ) as a service ;
Professional services in referring to prioritize the interests of the client or the interests of the great value as criticism norms that motivate attitudes and actions ;
Bearer profession should always be oriented to the community as a whole ;
To be competitive in the service must take place in a healthy manner to guarantee the quality and improvement of developing of the profession.
Professional ethics is an ethical stance as an integral part of life attitude in life as a professional carrier . Only a professional carrier in question can or most know about whether their conduct in carrying out the profession meet the demands of professional ethics or not . Because it does not have the technical competence , the layman can not judge it . This means , adherence to professional ethics will largely depend on the moral character and profession concerned bearers . Besides bearers profession often faced with situations that pose a thorny issue to determine what behavior that meets the demands of professional ethics . While the behavior in the developing of the profession can bring negative consequences that far to the client , which may indicate the fact that the bearers of the profession itself requires the presence of a more concrete objective guidelines for professional behavior . Because of this , the bearers of the environmental profession itself raised a set of behavioral rules as guidelines to be followed in carrying out the profession. Devices that rule is referred to as a code of professional conduct ( commonly abbreviated as : code of ethics ) , which can be written or unwritten . At the present time , a code of conduct that is generally in the form of written formally defined by each respective professional organizations . Basically , a code of conduct that aims to preserve the dignity of the profession in question , and on the other hand to protect the clients ( citizens ) of abuse or expertise and professional authority . That the further development of the code of conduct , including a group of positive moral code .

These conditions , both the reign of the new order and post-reform governments , including the current government in the context of technical , the existence of " code of conduct " in serving the lives of many people , not total self-image and identity as a public service . In other words , they show the abuses committed by the professional ethics of the profession bearers are individualistic .

Moreover, the demands associated with the aspirations of the people who want a total reform of the whole order of the public service , and we are still hoping against hope to get the evidence , whether in fact the carrier of this profession is based on common sense and good morals or a selfless devotion to the profession ?

The reality is , the clients ( citizens ) still have to bear the burden in the wound twists any problems it faces when done by a professional carrier even though he is able to pay , but he will continue to be haunted by the shadow of anxiety when faced problems can not be solved completely . In fact , in reality the process is expensive to be paid , both morally and materially .

Even so , the process must be calculated weaknesses , both formal judicial and psychologically , without it we would be trapped again by the arrogant behavior and culture of arbitrariness in completing each process in developing of the profession. Still fundamental problems that we face today , not in spite of a series of moral behavior of the carrier professions closely with colonialist feudal culture . And the reaction , came to light after the client ( citizens ) in various regions have the courage to fight back their rights and obligations in the legal community patterns .

At the very least , they were able to control and structuring of the public , the profession that deviant behavior is performed by each carrier of the profession in order to function in society, which require professional services and professional proportionally in solving problems that arise in the life of society as a true fairy and complete .

Legal profession and realize the issues related to maintaining order in which justice in society . Order that justice is a basic human kebutuhab , because only in such a situation people can live their lives naturally , ie according to the value of humanity . The value and virtue of justice is the most sublime and is an essential element of human dignity .

Law , the rules of positive law , legal awareness , awareness of ethical and justice rooted in respect for human dignity . Respect for human dignity is the starting point or foundation bertumpunya and final goal of the law . As a means to achieve a just order , rule of law embodied in various social behavior so-called rule of law . Overall positive legal norms prevailing in a society structured in a system called the rule of law . There is a rule of law and the functioning of the rules of law and its enforcement is a product of human struggle in an effort to overcome various problems of life in the community , including tackling and direct negative tendencies to be positive and actualize or memproduktifkan positive tendencies that exist within humans .

In every struggle , people try to understand , process and creatively accommodate various social reality on the values ​​espoused and expressed in structuring the system behavior and life together in the form of legal norms , making it useful for the protection of human dignity in accordance with the level of development of civilization which has been reached . It could be argued that the dynamics of human life , the law and the legal system is one very important factor in the process of refining the manners of mankind . Quality of life laws and ordinances of the law of a society reflects the level of moral or cultural situation of the people concerned .

Implementation and enforcement of equitable order in the common life as a basic human need in order to remain dignified human life is a function of society . At the level of civilization that has been compounded , organizing social functions and equitable enforcement of the order in his daily life embodied by the legal profession . The social role of the legal profession can be divided into four areas of legal work , namely :

1 . Completion of a formal conflict ( justice ) .
2 . Prevention of conflict ( legal drafting , legal advice) .
3 . Informal conflict resolution .
4 . Application of law outside the conflict .

At the present time , which is included in part of the legal profession that typically embody field work is legal positions of judges, lawyers and notaries . Any positions to which it aspires , one of the legal profession in carrying out its functions should always refer to the purpose of the law to provide shelter to every human being to realize a just order , which is based on respect for human dignity .

In the dynamics of everyday life are not infrequent conflicts of interest among members of the community , it is often a conflict of interest can not be resolved either by the parties concerned , because each party will of course tend to try by all means to defend its interests . Such a way that will cause tension in society and can lead to the creation of atmosphere " bellum omnium contra omnes " by the law of jungle : " who is strong he who wins " . To be able to regularly resolve conflicts of interest for the sake of maintaining good order in society , it is necessary to have the institution ( institutional ) that is able to provide closure particular impartially ( impartiality ) and based on objectively valid benchmark . To resolve conflicts of interest formally with fair certainty , then formed a complete judicial institution with the procedural rules and related positions , ie judges , lawyers and prosecutors .

Principal authority of the judiciary is to act examination, evaluation and determination of the value of certain human behavior and determine the value of a concrete situation and solve the problem ( conflict ) posed impartially based on the law in this case can be used as an objective benchmark . That authority is called authority ( authority ) of the judiciary , where decision-making in realizing the judicial authority in concrete reality , carried out by the judiciary officials called the judge .

Basically , the task of the judge is to give a decision on every case ( conflict ) that confronted him . That is , the judge in charge to establish a legal relationship , the value of behavioral law and legal position of the parties involved in the situation that confronted him . In order to resolve the problem or conflict that confronted him impartially based on the law , then the decision-making process , judges should be independent and free from the influence of any party , including the government though . In taking the decision of the judges is only tied to the relevant facts and legal norms be used as a foundation or juridical decision , in addition to the ethical stance or professional ethics of judges should be cored : attitude of piety to God Almighty , honest , fair , wise , impartial ( unbiased) , polite , patient , firm hold confidential positions , and true solidarity . And the responsibility between judge and advocate or legal counsel is the responsibility and authority alone , the judge is limited to one area of ​​legal work , namely conflict resolution and formal issues , while advocates or legal counsel can play a role in all areas of law in carrying out the work of the profession . An advocate or legal counsel should always refer to the efforts to establish order and rule of law with justice . Because of this , basically professional ethics of judges also apply to lawyers . Ethically , lawyers or attorneys are obligated to uphold the principles of law and human dignity .

The description above portrait of the code of ethics of the legal profession in the form of an ideal , although in fact we can find deviations that occur in this context . It is unusual , in fact it means almost nothing concrete hadil something in its ideal form . However , if these distortions is quite far and covers many aspects and extends all, then maybe we can talk about a crisis or a fundamental change with any consequences and logical consequences in social life . This description actually begins by showing the symptoms that show the possibility of a crisis in the world of our profession which may include all the professions that exist today .

The ultimate goal ( essential goals) the carrier of the profession in carrying out the work of his profession is realizing the objective (objective achievement) and recognition . In fact there are some things that are very important not only as a symbol of recognition alone , but in other contexts . For example , apply for the money . Because money is important in relation to what it can buy , but is also important in its role as a symbol of the real recognition of the quality of the work of the profession ideal profesionalnya.Gambaran only applies to situations in which there are aspects of the work objective and well -integrated . If the actual reality deviates from the ideal condition , the objective work that has value and acquisition of various institutional recognition emblem will not articulated or properly processed . The quality of the legal profession will decline if the political establishment to master the profession in order to neutralize potential sources of criticism , the legal profession is trapped by the client's interests , for fear of losing clients , professional carrier subjectively involved too much in kepentigan client , and ultimately the quality of the judiciary is very low and alarming condition.

From what has been said , it can be said that the profession is an institutional framework in which there are a number of the most important social functions run , especially the development and teaching of science and the humanities and As a practical application in other fields of science terutana in the legal field . It needs to be cultivated in order to professions is capable mempertahanlkan autonomy , for example through professional organizations yangkemandiriannya recognized and respected by the public authorities and the public , and supported by processes and methods that also includes efforts to systematically cultivate ethical stance in accordance with the dynamics of people's lives now this .

Therefore , to build this discourse in a society that is still being emotionally reactive , the role of the legal profession and the professional will determine the proportionate . If you are not able to portray themselves and their identity , people will not be affected to comply with and obey the law . Because what we need is the legal profession who can portray elements of idealism and realistic in applying each performance , so that all forms of hope and reality between morals and devotion in the code of ethics of the legal profession will manifest itself ,

Code of Ethics Lawyer

Infrastructure System Code Advocate
To support the proper functioning of the legal system needed an ethical system that is enforced in a positive form of code of ethics in the public sector . In every sector of state and government regulations are always rules and guidelines of the organization and working procedures of which are internal . In the neighborhood community organizations are also always there 's Articles of Association and Articles of Association or the Guidelines or Guidelines Household organization . However , only very few of the organizations or institutions that have had the Code of Ethics which is accompanied by the institutional infrastructure of the Honorary Board or Ethics Committee in charge of enforcing the code of ethics intended . In addition , even if the guidelines or statutes and the existing household , the documents that exist only on paper in the sense of not really be used to guide organizational behavior . In general , regulatory documents , guidelines or statutes of the household and only be opened and read at the time of the congress , conference or national consensus organization concerned . The rest , these documents are just plain forgettable .

Similarly, the presence of the Advocate Law teleh determine liability lawyer draw up a code of professional conduct by an Advocate to maintain the dignity and honor of the profession advocate . Every advocate shall be subject to and comply with the code of ethics and rules of professional advocate Advocate Organization Honor Council . Applies whether or not these codes relies entirely to advocate and an Advocate .

For it is necessary to build the infrastructure so that the code of ethics that is made can be enforced . The infrastructure needs a culture within the letter of the law itself advocates , both state laws and rules of association and articles of association including household and professional code of ethics . Tradition obey these rules are still to be cultivated extensively . In addition , system and code of ethics enforcement mechanism should also be institutionalized through the establishment of a credible Honor Council followed with strict oversight mechanisms and effective .

As a professional organization that provides services to the community , which made ​​supervision mechanism should certainly also open space for public participation and follow the principle of transparency . In the absence of transparency and public participation , an Advocate will not be able to function to improve the quality advocate for the sake of law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Advocate Law .

So little discussion regarding the Code of Ethics of Advocates , which may be useful for reading .

Peran Advokat Dalam Menegakkan Hukum

Dalam Pembelaannya terhadap Kliennya, advokat lah yang paling mengetahui pasal-pasal apa yang akan di kenakan pada kliennya ataupun lawan hukumnya di dalam peradilan, maka dengan itu Peran Advokat Dalam  Penegakan Hukum sangat di perlukan.  

Pada Pasal 24 Ayat (1) UUD 1945 menyatakan bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. Oleh karena itu, selain pelaku kekuasaan kehakiman, yaitu Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi, badan-ban lain yang fungsinya berkaitan dengan kekuasaan kehakiman juga harus mendukung terlaksananya kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka. Salah satunya adalah profesi advokat yang bebas, mandiri, dan bertanggungjawab, sebagaimana selanjutnya diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003. 

Ketentuan Pasal 5 Ayat (1) UU Advokat memberikan status kepada Advokat sebagai penegak hukum yang mempunyai kedudukan setara dengan penegak hukum lainnya dalam menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. Kedudukan tersebut memerlukan suatu organisasi yang merupakan satu-satunya wadah profesi Advokat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28 Ayat (1) UU Advokat, yaitu”Organisasi Advokat merupakan satu-satunya wadah profesi Advokat yang bebas dan mandiri yang dibentuk sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang ini dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas profesi Advokat”. Oleh karena itu, Organisasi Advokat, yaitu PERADI, pada dasarnya adalah organ negara dalam arti luas yang bersifat mandiri (independent state organ) yang juga melaksanakan fungsi Negara.

Dengan demikian, profesi advokat memiliki peran penting dalam upaya penegakan hukum. Setiap proses hukum, baik pidana, perdata, tata usaha negara, bahkan tata negara, selalu melibatkan profesi advokat yang kedudukannya setara dengan penegak hukum lainnya. Dalam upaya pemberantasan korupsi, terutama praktik mafia peradilan, advokat dapat berperan besar dengan memutus mata rantai praktik mafia peradilan yang terjadi. Peran tersebut dijalankan atau tidak bergantung kepada profesi advokat dan organisasi advokat yang telah dijamin kemerdekaan dan kebebasannya dalam UU Advokat. 

Kemandirian dan kebebasan yang dimiliki oleh profesi advokat, tentu harus diikuti oleh adanya tanggungjawab masing-masing advokat dan Organisasi Profesi yang menaunginya. Ketentuan UU Advokat telah memberikan rambu-rambu agar profesi advokat dijalankan sesuai dengan tujuan untuk menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. Hal yang paling mudah dilihat adalah dari sumpah atau janji advokat yang dilakukan sebelum menjalankan profesinya, yaitu: 

“Demi Allah saya bersumpah/saya berjanji : 

• bahwa saya akan memegang teguh dan mengamalkan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia; 
• bahwa saya untuk memperoleh profesi ini, langsung atau tidak langsung dengan menggunakan nama atau cara apapun juga, tidak memberikan atau menjanjikan barang sesuatu kepada siapapun juga; 
• bahwa saya dalam melaksanakan tugas profesi sebagai pemberi jasa hukum akan bertindak jujur, adil, dan bertanggung jawab berdasarkan hukum dan keadilan; 
• bahwa saya dalam melaksanakan tugas profesi di dalam atau di luar pengadilan tidak akan memberikan atau menjanjikan sesuatu kepada hakim, pejabat pengadilan atau pejabat lainnya agar memenangkan atau menguntungkan bagi perkara Klien yang sedang atau akan saya tangani; 
• bahwa saya akan menjaga tingkah laku saya dan akan menjalankan kewajiban saya sesuai dengan kehormatan, martabat, dan tanggung jawab saya sebagai Advokat; 
• bahwa saya tidak akan menolak untuk melakukan pembelaan atau memberi jasa hukum di dalam suatu perkara yang menurut hemat saya merupakan bagian daripada tanggung jawab profesi saya sebagai seorang Advokat. 

Sumpah tersebut pada hakikatnya adalah janji seorang yang akan menjalani profesi sebagai advokat, kepada Tuhan, diri sendiri, dan masyarakat. Seandainya setiap advokat tidak hanya mengucapkannya sebagai formalitas, tetapi meresapi, meneguhi, dan menjalankannya, tentu kondisi penegakan hukum akan senantiasa meningkat lebih baik. Kekuasaan kehakiman akan benar-benar dapat menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. 

Selain itu, untuk mewujudkan profesi advokat yang berfungsi sebagai penegak hukum dan keadilan juga ditentukan oleh peran Organisasi Advokat. UU Advokat telah memberikan aturan tentang pengawasan, tindakan-tindakan terhadap pelanggaran, dan pemberhentian advokat yang pelaksanaannya dijalankan oleh Organisasi Advokat. Ketentuan Pasal 6 UU Advokat misalnya menentukan bahwa advokat dapat dikenai tindakan dengan alasan: 

1. mengabaikan atau menelantarkan kepentingan kliennya; 
2. berbuat atau bertingkah laku yang tidak patut terhadap lawan atau rekan seprofesinya; 
3. bersikap, bertingkah laku, bertutur kata, atau mengeluarkan pernyataan yang menunjukkan sikap tidak hormat terhadap hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan, atau pengadilan; 
4. berbuat hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan kewajiban, kehormatan, atau harkat dan martabat profesinya; 
5. melakukan pelanggaran terhadap peraturan perundangundangan dan atau perbuatan tercela; 
6. melanggar sumpah/janji Advokat dan/atau kode etik profesi Advokat. 

Daftar Pustaka

1. Huruf B Konsideran Menimbang UU No. 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat. 

2. Lihat Pertimbangan Hukum Putusan MK Nomor 014/PUU-IV/2006 mengenai Pengujian Undang-

    Undang Advokat.

Peran Advokat Dalam Penegakan Hukum

Advokat atau Kuasa Hukum dalam suatu perkara yang ditanganinya mempunyai peran yang sangat penting diantaranya adalah :

A. CITA NEGARA HUKUM DAN SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL 

Indonesia diidealkan dan dicita-citakan oleh the foun­ding fathers sebagai suatu Negara Hukum (Rechtsstaat/ The Rule of Law). UUD 1945 Pasal 1 ayat (3) menegaskan bahwa “Negara Indonesia adalah Negara Hukum”. Namun, bagaimana cetak biru dan desain makro penjabaran ide negara hukum itu, selama ini belum pernah dirumuskan secara komprehensif. Yang ada hanya pembangunan bidang hukum yang bersifat sektoral. Oleh karena itu, hukum hendaknya dapat dipahami dan dikembangkan sebagai satu kesatuan sistem. Apalagi, negara hendak dipahami sebagai suatu kon­sep hukum, yaitu sebagai Negara Hukum. Dalam hukum se­ba­gai suatu kesatuan sistem terdapat (1) elemen kelembagaan (elemen institusional), (2) elemen kaedah aturan (ele­men instrumental), dan (3) elemen perilaku para

subjek hu­kum yang menyandang hak dan kewajiban yang ditentukan oleh norma aturan itu (elemen subjektif dan kultural). Ketiga elemen sistem hukum itu mencakup (a) kegiatan pembuatan hukum (law making), (b) kegiatan pelaksanaan atau pene­rapan hukum (law administrating), dan (c) kegiatan per­adil­an atas pelanggaran hukum (law adjudicating). Biasanya, kegiatan terakhir lazim juga disebut sebagai kegiatan pene­gakan hukum dalam arti yang sempit (law enforcement) yang di bidang pidana melibatkan peran kepolisian, kejaksa­an, advokat, dan kehakiman atau di bidang perdata melibat­kan peran advokat (pengacara) dan kehakiman. Selain itu, ada pula kegiatan lain yang sering dilupakan orang, yaitu: (d) pemasyarakatan dan pendidikan hukum (law socialization and law education) dalam arti seluas-luasnya yang juga berkaitan dengan (e) pengelolaan informasi hukum (law infor­mation management) sebagai kegiatan penunjang. Ke­lima kegiatan itu biasanya dibagi ke dalam tiga wilayah fung­si kekuasaan negara, yaitu (i) fungsi legislasi dan regulasi, (ii) fungsi eksekutif dan administratif, serta (iii) fungsi yudikatif atau judisial. Organ legislatif adalah lembaga parlemen, organ eksekutif adalah birokrasi pemerintahan, sedangkan organ judikatif adalah birokrasi aparatur penegakan hukum yang mencakup kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan pengadilan. Kese­mua itu harus pula dihubungkan dengan hirarkinya masing-masing mulai dari organ tertinggi sampai terendah, yaitu yang terkait dengan aparatur tingkat pusat, aparatur tingkat provinsi, dan aparatur tingkat kabupaten/kota. 

Dalam keseluruhan elemen, komponen, hirarki dan aspek-aspek yang bersifat sistemik dan saling berkaitan satu sama lain itulah, tercakup pengertian sistem hukum yang harus dikembangkan dalam kerangka Negara Hukum Indo­nesia berdasarkan UUD 1945. Jika dinamika yang berkenaan dengan keseluruhan aspek, elemen, hirarki dan komponen tersebut tidak bekerja secara seimbang dan sinergis, maka hukum sebagai satu kesatuan sistem juga tidak dapat diharapkan tegak sebagaimana mestinya. Sebagai contoh, karena bangsa kita mewarisi tradisi hukum Eropa Konti­nen­tal (civil law), kita cenderung menumpahkan begitu banyak perhatian pada kegiatan pembuatan hukum (law making), tetapi kurang memberikan perhatian yang sama banyaknya terhadap kegiatan penegakan hukum (law enforcing). Bah­kan, kitapun dengan begitu saja menganut paradigma dan doktrin berpikir yang lazim dalam sistem civil law, yaitu berlakunya teori fiktie yang beranggapan bahwa begitu suatu norma hukum ditetapkan, maka pada saat itu setiap orang dianggap tahu hukum. Ketidaktahuan seseorang akan hukum tidak dapat membebaskan orang itu dari tuntutan hukum. Teori ini diberi pembenaran pula oleh prinsip yang juga di­akui universal, yaitu persamaan di hadapan hukum (equality before the law). Orang kaya di Jakarta harus diperlakukan sama oleh hukum dengan orang miskin di daerah terpencil di Mentawai (Sumbar), di Lembah Baliem (Papua), suku Kubu di perbatasan Jambi-Sumatera Selatan, ataupun suku ter­pencil di pulau-pulau kecil di seluruh wilayah Nusantara. 

Teori fiktie di atas memang fiktie sifatnya atau hayalan saja, karena tidak mencerminkan realitas yang sebenarnya. Untuk lingkungan negara-negara maju dan apalagi kecil seperti Belanda dengan tingkat kesejahteraan dan pengeta­huan masyarakatnya yang merata, tentu tidak ada persoalan dengan teori fiktie itu. Dalam masyarakat homogen seperti itu informasi hukum yang tersedia dalam masyarakat bersifat simetris. Tetapi di negara yang demikian besar wilayahnya, begitu banyak pula jumlah penduduknya, serta miskin dan terbelakang pula kondisi kesejahteraan dan pendidikan­nya seperti Indonesia, sudah tentu sistem informasi hukum yang tersedia dalam masyarakat tidak bersifat simetris. Tidaklah adil untuk memaksakan berlaku sesuatu norma hukum ke­pada mereka yang sama sekali tidak mengerti, tidak terlibat, dan tidak terjangkau pengetahuannya tentang norma aturan yang diberlakukan itu kepadanya. Jika dalam norma aturan itu terjadi proses kriminalisasi, sudah tentu orang yang bersangkutan terancam menjadi kriminal tanpa ia sendiri menyadarinya. Oleh karena itu, di samping adanya dan di antara kegiatan pembuatan hukum (law making) dan pe­negakan hukum (law enforcing), diperlukan kegiatan, yaitu pemasya­rakatan hukum (law socialization) yang cenderung diabaikan dan di­anggap tidak penting selama ini. Padahal, inilah kunci tegaknya hukum. Tanpa basis sosial yang me­nyadari hak dan kewajibannya seca­ra hukum, maka hukum apapun yang dibuat tidak akan efektif, tidak akan tegak, dan tidak akan ditaati dengan sungguh-sungguh. 

Oleh karena itu, memahami hukum secara kompre­hen­sif sebagai suatu sistem yang terintegrasi menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Strategi pembangunan hukum ataupun pembangunan nasional untuk mewujudkan gagasan Negara Hukum (Rechtsstaat atau The Rule of Law) juga tidak boleh terjebak hanya berorientasi membuat hukum saja, ataupun hanya dengan melihat salah satu elemen atau aspek saja dari keseluruhan sistem hukum tersebut di atas. Itulah sebabnya, saya sering mengemukakan penting kita sebagai bangsa menyusun dan merumuskan mengenai apa yang kita maksud dengan konsepsi Negara Hukum Indonesia yang diamanatkan dalam UUD 1945, terutama sekarang telah ditegaskan dalam rumusan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Semua lembaga atau institusi hukum yang ada hen­daklah dilihat sebagai bagian dari keseluruhan sistem hukum yang perlu dikembangkan dalam kerangka Negara Hukum itu. Untuk itu, bangsa Indonesia perlu menyusun suatu blue-print, suatu desain makro tentang Negara Hukum dan Sistem Hukum Indonesia yang hendak kita bangun dan tegakkan di masa depan. 

B. PENEGAKAN HUKUM 

Penegakan Hukum (law enforcement) dalam arti luas mencakup kegiatan untuk melaksanakan dan menerapkan hukum serta melakukan tindakan hukum terhadap setiap pelanggaran atau penyimpangan hukum yang dilakukan oleh subjek hukum, baik melalui prosedur peradilan ataupun me­lalui prosedur arbitrase dan mekanisme penyelesaian seng­keta lainnya (alternative desputes or conflicts resolu­tion). Bah­kan, dalam pengertian yang lebih luas lagi, kegiat­an pe­ne­gakan hukum mencakup pula segala aktifitas yang di­mak­sudkan agar hukum sebagai perangkat kaedah norma­tif yang mengatur dan mengikat para subjek hukum dalam se­gala aspek kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara benar-be­nar ditaati dan sungguh-sungguh dijalankan sebagaimana mesti­nya. Dalam arti sempit, penegakan hukum itu me­nyang­kut kegiatan penindakan terhadap setiap pelanggaran atau pe­nyimpangan terhadap peraturan perundang-undang­an, khu­susnya –yang lebih sempit lagi— melalui proses per­adil­an pidana yang melibatkan peran aparat kepolisian, ke­jak­saan, advokat atau pengacara, dan badan-badan per­adilan. 

Karena itu, dalam arti sempit, aktor-aktor utama yang peranan­nya sangat menonjol dalam proses penegakan hu­kum itu adalah polisi, jaksa, pengacara dan hakim. Para pe­ne­gak hukum ini dapat dilihat pertama-tama sebagai orang atau unsur manusia dengan kualitas, kualifikasi, dan kultur kerjanya masing-masing. Dalam pengertian demikian perso­alan penegakan hukum tergantung aktor, pelaku, peja­bat atau aparat penegak hukum itu sendiri. Kedua, penegak hukum dapat pula dilihat sebagai institusi, badan atau orga­nisasi dengan kualitas birokrasinya sendiri-sendiri. Dalam kaitan itu kita melihat penegakan hukum dari kaca­mata kelembagaan yang pada kenyataannya, belum terinsti­tusio­na­lisasikan secara rasional dan impersonal (institutio­na­lized). Namun, kedua perspektif tersebut perlu dipahami secara komprehensif dengan melihat pula keterkaitannya satu sama lain serta keterkaitannya dengan berbagai faktor dan elemen yang terkait dengan hukum itu sendiri sebagai suatu sistem yang rasional. 

Profesi hukum perlu ditata kembali dan ditingkatkan mutu dan kesejahteraannya. Para profesional hukum itu antara lain meliputi (i) legislator (politisi) (ii) perancang hukum (legal drafter), (iii) advokat, (iv) notaris, (v) pejabat pembuat akta tanah, (vi) polisi, (vii) jaksa, (viii) panitera, (ix) hakim, dan (x) arbiter atau wasit. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas profesionalisme masing-masing profesi tersebut, diperlukan sistem sertifikasi na­sional dan standarisasi, termasuk berkenaan dengan sistem kesejahteraannya. Di samping itu juga diperlukan program pen­didikan dan pelatihan terpadu yang dapat terus menerus membina sikap mental, meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan profesional aparat hukum tersebut. 

Agenda pengembangan kualitas profesional di kalang­an profesi hukum ini perlu dipisahkan dari program pembi­naan pegawai administrasi di lingkungan lembaga-lembaga hukum tersebut, seperti di pengadilan ataupun di lembaga perwakilan rakyat. Dengan demikian, orientasi peningkatan mutu aparat hukum ini dapat benar-benar dikembangkan secara terarah dan berkesi­nambung­an. Di samping itu, pem­bi­naan kualitas profesional aparat hukum ini dapat pula dila­kukan melalui peningkatan keberdayaan organisasi profesi­nya masing-masing, seperti Ikatan Hakim Indonesia, Persatuan Advokat Indonesia, Ikatan Notaris Indonesia, dan sebagainya. 

Di samping itu, agenda penegakan hukum juga me­mer­lukan kepemimpinan dalam semua tingkatan yang me­menuhi dua syarat. Pertama, kepemimpinan diharapkan dapat menjadi penggerak yang efektif untuk tindakan-tindakan penegakan hukum yang pasti; Kedua, kepemim­pinan tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi teladan bagi ling­kungan yang dipimpinnya masing-masing mengenai integri­tas kepri­badian orang yang taat aturan. 

Salah satu aspek penting dalam rangka penegakan hukum adalah proses pembudayaan, pemasyarakatan, dan pendidikan hukum (law socialization and law education). Tanpa didukung oleh kesadaran, pengetahuan dan pemahaman oleh para subjek hukum dalam masyarakat, nonsens suatu norma hukum da­pat diharapkan tegak dan ditaati. Karena itu, agenda pem­bu­dayaan, pemasyarakatan dan pendidikan hukum ini perlu dikembangkan tersendiri dalam rangka perwujudan ide nega­­ra hukum di masa depan. Beberapa faktor yang terkait de­ngan soal ini adalah (a) pembangunan dan pengelolaan sis­tem dan infra struktur informasi hukum yang berbasis tek­nologi informasi (information technology); (b) pening­katan Upaya Publikasi, Ko­munikasi dan Sosialisasi Hukum; (c) pengembangan pendidikan dan pelatihan hukum; dan (d) pemasyarakatan citra dan keteladanan-keteladanan di bi­dang hukum. 

Dalam rangka komunikasi hukum, perlu dipikirkan kembali kebutuhan adanya media digital dan elektro­nika, baik radio, televisi maupun jaringan internet dan media lain­nya yang dimiliki dan dikelola khusus oleh pemerintah. Me­nge­nai televisi dan radio dapat dikatakan bahwa televisi dan radio swasta sudah sangat banyak dan karena itu, ke­mung­kinan terjadinya dominasi arus informasi sepihak dari peme­rintah seperti terjadi selama masa Orde Baru tidak mung­kin lagi terjadi. Karena itu, sumber informasi dari masyarakat dan dari pemodal sudah tersedia sangat banyak dan bera­gam. Namun, arus informasi dari pemerintah kepa­da ma­sya­rakat, khususnya berkenaan dengan pendidikan dan pe­ma­sya­­rakatan hukum terasa sangat kurang. Untuk itu, pem­ba­ngunan media khusus tersebut dirasakan sangat di­perlu­kan. Kebijakan semacam ini perlu dipertimbangkan ter­ma­suk me­ngenai kemungkinan memperkuat kedudukan TVRI dan RRI sebagai media pendidikan hukum seperti yang dimaksud. 

Daftar Bacaan :

1. Pasal 1 ayat (3) ini merupakan hasil Perubahan Keempat UUD 1945. 
2. Montesquieu, The Spirit of the laws, Translated by Thomas Nugent, (London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd, 1914), Part XI, Chapter 67. 
3. Hans Kelsen, General Theory of Law and State, translated by: Anders Wedberg, (New York; Russell & Russell, 1961), hal. 115 dan 123-124. 
4. Untuk sementara ini, para politisi sebagai legislator di lembaga perwa­kilan memang belum dapat dikategorikan sebagai profesi yang tersendiri. Akan tetapi, di lingkungan sistem politik yang sudah mapan dan peran-peran profesional telah terbagi sangat ketat, jabatan sebagai anggota parlemen juga dapat berkembang makin lama makin profesional. Politisi lama kelamaan menjadi profesi karena menjadi pilihan hidup profesional dalam masyarakat. 

Contoh Surat Putusan Hakim Tindak Pidana

Kita ketahui bahwa Putusan yang diberikan Oleh Hakim kepada Suatu Kasus Perkara tidak boleh ada yang meng intervensi, dan apaila sang Pelaku yang di tindak merasa keberatan maka dia bisa naik banding ke Kasasi, dan apabila juga putusan dari Kasasi tidak memuaskan maka bisa dan berikut ini adalah contoh kecil dari Surat Putusan Hakim dalam kasus Tindak Pidana Pengadilan Negeri :

P U T U S A N

Nomor : 29/Pid/2011/PT.SULTRA

DEMI KEADILAN BERDASARKAN KETUHANAN YANG MAHA ESA

     Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara di Kendari yang memeriksa dan mengadili perkara-perkara pidana dalam tingkat banding, telah menjatuhkan putusan seperti tersebut dibawah ini dalam perkara terdakwa :

Nama lengkap          : RITMANTO ALS RIT Bin RATA

Tempat lahir          : Meluhu

Umur/Tgl.lahir        : 22 Tahun/18 Pebruari 1988

Jenis Kelamin         : Laki-laki;

Kebangsaan            : Indonesia;

Tempat tinggal        : Kelurahan  Meluhu,  Kecamatan   Melulu, Kabupaten Konawe

A g a m a             : Islam;

Pekerjaan             : Mahasiswa;

Terdakwa tidak didampingi Penasehat Hukum ;

Terdakwa tidak pernah ditahan

      Pengadilan Tinggi tersebut ;

      Setelah membaca :

      1.Penetapan Wakil Ketua Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara tanggal 4 Mei 2011 No. 29/Pen.Pid/2011/PT.Sultra tentang penunjukan Majelis Hakim yang akan memeriksa dan mengadili perkara tersebut dalam tingkat banding ;

      2.Berkas perkara dan surat-surat yang berhubungan serta turunan resmi putusan Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha tanggal 29 Maret 2011 Nomor : 222/Pid.B/2010/PN.Unh dalam perkara tersebut diatas ;

Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan surat dakwaan Jaksa Penuntut Umum tanggal 6 Desember 2010 No.Reg.Perk: PDM-306/Rp.9/Ep/11/2010 Terdakwa didakwa sebagai berikut :

 Dakwaan :

Bahwa ia Terdakwa RITMANTO Als.RIT Bin RATA pada hari Kamis tanggal 25 Februari 2010 sekira pukul 11.00 Wita atau setidak-tidaknya pada waktu tertentu dalam bulan Februari tahun 2010, bertempat di Kel. Melulu Kec. Melulu Kab. Konawe atau setidak-tidaknya pada waktu tertentu yang masih termasuk dalam daerah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha yang berwenang memeriksa dan mengadili perkaranya, telah melantarkan orang lain yakni WIDYA PRANASTUTI (isteri terdakwa) dalam lingkup rumah tangganya sesuai dalam kutipan akta nikah nomor : 11/04/III/2010 tanggal 25 Februari 2010.

Adapun perbuatan terdakwa dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut :--------------------------------------------------

      Berawal pada waktu dan tempat sebagaimana tersebut di atas, ketika terdakwa RITMANTO Als.RIT Bin RATA telah menikahi saksi korban WIDYA PRANASTUTI secara sah menurut hukum, akan tetapi sejak pernikahan tersebut terdakwa langsung pergi meninggalkan saksi korban yang merupakan isteri sah dari terdakwa dan tidak memberikan kehidupan, perawatan atau pemeliharaan kepada saksi korbansehingga saksi korban merasa keboratan dan melaporkan perbuatan terdakwa ke Polsek Wawotobi untuk diproses secara hukum.---

      Perbuatan terdakwa sebagaimana diatur dan diancam pidana dalam Pasal 49 huruf a UU RI No.23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.----------

Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan surat tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum tertanggal 08 Maret 2011 No.Reg.Perkara: 306/RP-9/Ep/11/2010 Terdakwa  telah dituntut sebagai berikut :

1. Menyatakan terdakwa RITMANTO Als.RIT.Bin RATA bersalah menelantarkan orang lain dalam lingkup rumah tangganya sebagaimana diatur dan diancam pidana dalam Pasal 49 a ayat 1 UU No. 23 tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga ;

2. Menjatuhkan pidana terhadap terdakwa dengan pidana penjara selama 7 (tujuh) bulan dengan perintah terdakwa untuk ditahan di Rutan ;

3. Menyatakan barang bukti berupa :

   - Satu(1) buah surat nikah warna biru dengan nomor : 11/04/III/2010, atas nama WIDYA PRANANTUTI dan RITMANTO Bin RATA.

     Dikembalikan kepada yang berhak

4. Menetapkan agar terdakwa membayar biaya perkara sebesar Rp. 2.000,-(dua ribu rupiah).   

Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan atas tuntutan tersebut, Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha telah menjatuhkan putusan yang amarnya berbunyi sebagai berikut :

1. Menyatakan Terdakwa RITMANTO.Als. RIT Bin RATA telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “Menelantarkan Orang Lain Dalam Rumah Tangga”;-----------------------------------------------

2. Menjatuhkan pidana terhadap Terdakwa RITMANTOAls. RIT Bin RATA oleh oleh karena itu dengan pidana penjara selama 10 (sepuluh) bulan ;----------------------------

3. Menetapkan barang bukti berupa :

   - Satu(1) buah surat nikah warna biru dengan nomor : 11/04/III/2010, atas nama WIDYA PRANANTUTI dan RITMANTO Bin RATA.

  Dikembalikan kepada yang berhak yaitu RITMANTO atau     WIDYA PRANASTUTI;---------------------------------------

4.Membebankan Terdakwa untuk membayar biaya perkara sebesar    Rp. 2.000,-(dua ribu rupiah) ;--------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa terhadap putusan tersebut Terdakwa telah menyatakan permintaan banding dihadapan Panitera Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha pada tanggal 30 Maret 2011 sebagaimana ternyata dari Akta permintaan banding Nomor : 02/Akta.Pid/2011/PN.Unh dan permintaan banding tersebut telah diberitahukan dengan cara seksama kepada Jaksa Penuntut Umum pada tanggal 7 April 2011 ;------------------

Menimbang, bahwa sehubungan dengan permintaan banding tersebut terdakwa telah mengajukan memori banding tertanggal 9 April 2011 dan memori banding tersebut telah diberitahukan kepada Jaksa penuntut Umum dengan cara seksama pada tanggal 18 April 2011 ;-----------------------

Menimbang, bahwa atas memori banding terdakwa tersebut, Jaksa Penuntut Umum tidak mengajukan Kontra memori banding ;-------------------------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa permintaan akan pemeriksaan dalam tingkat banding banding oleh terdakwa telah diajukan dalam tenggang waktu dan cara serta syarat-syarat yang ditentukan oleh Undang-undang, maka permintaan banding tersebut dapat diterima ;-------------------------------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa setelah Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi mempelajari dengan seksama berkas perkara dan turunan resmi putusan Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha tanggal 29 Maret 2011 Nomor : 222/Pid.B/2010/PN.Unh serta memori banding dari terdakwa, Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara sependapat dengan pertimbangan Majelis hakim Tingkat Pertama dalam putusannya bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “Menelantarkan Orang Lain Dalam Rumah Tangga”; oleh karena itu pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Tingkat Pertama tersebut diambil alih dan dijadikan sebagai pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi sendiri dalam memutus perkara ini dalam tingkat banding, kecuali pidana yang telah dijatuhkan oleh Majelis Hakim Tingkat Pertama menurut Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi masih terlalu ringan sekalipun putusannya telah melebihi tuntutan Jaksa Penuntut Umum yaitu selama 7 (tujuh) bulan dan lebih adil apabila terdakwa dijatuhi pidana seperti yang akan disebut dalam amar putusan dibawah ini ;---------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa mengingat suatu pidana/hukuman yang akan dijatuhkan kepada seorang terdakwa tidak hanya untuk mendidik terdakwa sendiri saja, tetapi juga sebagai contoh bagi masyarakat lainnya agar tidak berbuat serupa dengan terdakwa, sehingga pidana yang akan dijatuhkan kepada terdakwa haruslah setimpal dengan perbuatan yang telah dilakukannya ;---------------------------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa oleh karena itu disamping pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang memberatkan yang telah dipertimbangkan oleh Majelis Hakim Tingkat Pertama, maka menurut Majelis hakim Pengadilan Tinggi hal-hal lain yang memberatkan terdakwa sehingga memperberat hukuman bagi terdakwa adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Bahwa terdakwa ternyata adalah seorang Mahasiswa Fakultas Kejuruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan pada Universitas Lakidende, calon pendidik atau calon Intelektual dimasa depan yang seharusnya tidak berbuat hal yang demikian ;----------------------

2. Maksud terdakwa melaksanakan perkawinan secara sah semata-mata hanya untuk menghindarkan diri dari tahanan Kepolisian atas laporan korban dan keluarganya karena terdakwa telah mengakui menyetubui korban sebanyak empat kali sebelum terjadinya perkawinan tetapi tidak mau mempertanggung jawabkan perbuatannya ;-----------

3. Bahwa dari fakta persidangan ternyata pula terdakwa tidak sayang lagi sama isterinya (korban) ;---------------------------------------

      Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan tersebut diatas, Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara menolak alasan-alasan yang dikemukakan oleh terdakwa/Pembanding dalam memori bandingnya pada halaman 3 (tiga) pada pokoknya menyebutkan terdakwa melaksanakan perkawinan karena terpaksa untuk mengikuti dan memenuhi keinginan orang tua saja dan terdakwa belum siap/layak untuk berumah tangga karena terdakwa masih kuliah dan belum memiliki pendapatan dan masih dibiayai oleh orang tua, sehingga terdakwa tidak menghendaki perkawinannya dengan korban;-------------------

Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan alasan-alasan tersebut diatas berarti terdakwa menyadari akan statusnya, tapi kenapa mau berbuat ternyatatidak mau bertanggung jawab, mahkota seorang wanita, tidak ada harganya bagi terdakwa, seolah-olah barang mainan saja ;---------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa selanjutnya terdakwa dalam memori bandingnya menyebutkan apabila terdakwa dijatuhi pidana penjara selama 10 (sepuluh) bulan, sudah pasti kehidupan korban (saksi Wiya Pranastuti) akan semakin tidak menentu, namun sekiranya dengan pembebasan hukuman dan atau pidana bersyarat pada diri terdakwa maka terdakwa akan kembali berusaha untuk membinahubungan baik dengan isterinya ;-----

Menimbang, bahwa alasan terdakwa tersebut diatas menurut Majelis Hakim Tinggi Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara hanya sekedar basa basi dan mengada-ada saja, karena telah terungkap dipersidangan terdakwa menyatakan dengan tegas sudah tidak sayang lagi sama isterinya yang baru saja dinikahkan dan langsung pergi hari itu juga dan tidak pernah kembali sampai dengan saat ini, oleh karena itu alasan-alasan memori banding yang diajukan oleh terdakwa haruslah ditolak untuk seluruhnya, karena tidak beralasan hukum ;------------------------------------------

Menimbang, bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbagan tersebut diatas, maka putusan Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha haruslah diperbaiki sekedar mengenai pidana yang dijatuhkan kepada terdakwa, sedangkan putusan selebihnya dapat dikuatkan, yang amarnya sebagaimana tersebut dibawah ini :-

Menimbang, bahwa karena terdakwa dijatuhi pidana maka kepadanya dibebani membayar biaya perkara dalam kedua tingkat peradilan ;----------------------------------------

Mengingat pasal 241/KUHAP dan Undang-Undang No.23 Tahun 2004 tentang Pengahapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga serta ketentuan-ketentuan hukum lain yang bersangkutan dengan perkara ini ;--------------------------

M E N G A D I L I

-  Menerima permintaan banding dari terdakwa ;-------------

-  Memperbaiki putusan Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha tanggal 29 Maret 2011 Nomor 222/Pid.B/2010/PN.Unh sekedar mengenai pidana yang dijatuhkan kepada terdakwa sehingga amarnya berbunyi sebagai berikut ;

- Menghukum terdakwa RITMANTO Als.RIT Bin RATA, oleh karena itu dengan pidana penjara selama 1 (satu) tahun dan 6 (enam) bulan;-------------------------------------

- Menguatkan putusan Pengadilan Negeri Unaaha tersebut untuk selebihnya ;--------------------------------------

- Membebankan biaya perkara kepada terdakwa dalam kedua tingkat peradilan, sedang ditingkat banding sebesar Rp. 5.000,- (lima ribu rupiah) ;----------------------------

Demikian diputuskan dalam rapat  permusyawaratan Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara pada hari Senin, tanggal 23 Mei 2011, oleh kami H. HERMAN NURMAN,SH.,MH  sebagai Ketua Majelis dengan, R.YULIANA RAHADHIE,SH  dan H. DASNIEL, SH masing-masing sebagai Hakim Anggota, berdasarkan Penetapan Wakil Ketua Pengadilan Tinggi sulawesi Tenggara tanggal 4 Mei 2011 Nomor: 29/Pen.Pid/2011/PT.Sultra untuk memeriksa dan mengadili perkara ini dalam tingkat banding dan putusan tersebut diucapkan dalam sidang terbuka untuk umum pada hari Selasa tanggal 24 Mei 2011, oleh Hakim Ketua Majelis tersebut dengan dihadiri Hakim-Hakim Anggota, serta dibantu oleh : MUUMA Panitera Pengganti pada Pengadilan Tinggi tersebut, tanpa dihadiri Jaksa Penuntut Umum dan Terdakwa ;

    Hakim Anggota ;                 Hakim Ketua ;

         Ttd                            Ttd

                                    

  R.YULIANA RAHADHIE,SH           H.     HERMAN NURMAN,SH.,MH

      

              

                                 Ttd                  

                                                                                

      H. DASNIEL, SH.

Panitera Pengganti :

                       Ttd

                      

                                                 M U U M A

Untuk turunan sesuai aslinya

Pengadilan Tinggi Sulawesi Tenggara

WAKIL PANITERA

LA ODE MULAWARMAN, SH.

NIP. 19641231199503 1 013

Demikian contoh Surat Putusan Tindak Pidana pada Pengadilan Negeri, semoga bermanfaat.